TC4 Titanium Alloys Round Bar
Products Description
As the most widely used titanium alloy globally, TC4 accounts for over 50% of all titanium alloy consumption-a dominance built on decades of reliable performance in jet engines, airframes, surgical implants, marine components, and high-performance automotive parts. Our TC4 round bars are manufactured to the tightest dimensional and metallurgical standards, ensuring consistent machinability, mechanical properties, and surface integrity for your most critical applications.
Material Identity & Chemical Composition
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Common Designations | TC4 (GB/T 3620.1), Ti-6Al-4V, Grade 5 (ASTM B348), 3.7165 (EN) |
| Alloy Type | Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloy |
| Aluminum (Al) | 5.50 – 6.75% - alpha stabilizer, enhances strength and elevates beta transus temperature |
| Vanadium (V) | 3.50 – 4.50% - beta stabilizer, improves ductility and heat treatability |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.30% |
| Oxygen (O) | ≤ 0.20% |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.08% |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤ 0.05% |
| Hydrogen (H) | ≤ 0.015% |
| Titanium (Ti) | Balance |
The precisely controlled aluminum and vanadium additions create a dual-phase alpha-beta microstructure that can be optimized through heat treatment to deliver an unmatched combination of strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance.
Mechanical Properties
| Property | Typical Value (Annealed) | Comparison: 304 Stainless | Comparison: 7075 Aluminum |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | ≥ 895 MPa (min) / ~950 MPa (typical) | ~505 MPa | ~570 MPa |
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 828 MPa (min) / ~880 MPa (typical) | ~215 MPa | ~505 MPa |
| Elongation (A5) | ≥ 10% | ≥ 40% | ~11% |
| Reduction of Area | ≥ 25% | - | - |
| Hardness (HRC) | 30–36 (annealed); up to 41 (solution treated & aged) | ~15 HRC (annealed) | ~28 HRC |
| Density | 4.43 g/cm³ | 7.93 g/cm³ | 2.81 g/cm³ |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 110 GPa | 193 GPa | 72 GPa |
| Melting Point | ~1660°C | ~1400–1450°C | ~480–650°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 6.7 W/m·K | 16.2 W/m·K | 130 W/m·K |
What These Numbers Mean in Practice:
Strength-to-Weight Ratio: TC4 delivers tensile strength comparable to many steels at approximately 45% less weight. A TC4 bar at 20 mm diameter can structurally replace a 304 stainless bar at 20 mm while reducing component weight by nearly half-critical in aerospace, motorsport, and rotating machinery.
Low Elastic Modulus: At 110 GPa, TC4 is roughly half as stiff as steel. This lower modulus provides excellent "springiness" and energy absorption in dynamic applications, but must be accounted for in deflection-critical designs.
Fatigue Performance: TC4 exhibits outstanding high-cycle fatigue resistance, with fatigue strength (endurance limit at 10⁷ cycles) typically exceeding 500 MPa in annealed condition-superior to most stainless steels.
Heat Treatment & Microstructural Control
TC4 is an alpha-beta alloy, meaning its final mechanical properties depend heavily on heat treatment history. We offer bars in the following conditions:
| Condition | Description | Typical Tensile Strength | Typical Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annealed (A) | Heated to 700–790°C, air cooled. Equiaxed alpha + beta microstructure. | ≥ 895 MPa | General machining stock, good ductility, predictable tool wear |
| Solution Treated & Aged (STA) | Solution treated at 920–970°C, water quenched, aged at 480–600°C. | ≥ 1100 MPa | Maximum strength for aerospace fasteners, structural fittings, high-stress shafts |
| Beta Annealed | Slow cooled from above beta transus (~995°C). Lamellar alpha in beta matrix. | ≥ 895 MPa with enhanced toughness | Fracture-critical components, damage-tolerant airframe parts |
| Mill Annealed | As-rolled and annealed. | ≥ 895 MPa | General-purpose, most cost-effective condition |
Heat Treatment Notes:
Solution treating above the beta transus temperature (~995°C) produces a fully lamellar microstructure with superior fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth resistance but lower ductility.
Solution treating below beta transus followed by aging produces the highest strength levels while retaining reasonable ductility (the STA condition).
Stress relieving at 480–650°C for 1–4 hours is recommended after heavy machining to minimize distortion in finished parts.
Dimensional Specifications & Tolerances
We supply TC4 round bars in a comprehensive range of diameters and lengths to suit everything from small precision turned components to large structural shafts:
| Parameter | Range |
|---|---|
| Diameter | 3.0 mm – 450 mm |
| Diameter Tolerance | h7, h8, h9 (cold finished); h10, h11 (hot finished & centerless ground) |
| Length | 1000 mm – 6000 mm (standard random); fixed cut lengths available on request |
| Straightness | ≤ 0.5 mm/m for diameters < 50 mm; ≤ 1.0 mm/m for diameters ≥ 50 mm |
| Surface Roughness (Ra) | ≤ 0.8 μm (cold finished / centerless ground); ≤ 3.2 μm (hot rolled & peeled); ≤ 0.4 μm (polished) |
Bar Forms & Surface Conditions:
| Surface | Designation | Description | Best Suited For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hot Rolled & Peeled | HRP | Scale-free, matte metallic finish; dimensional tolerance h10–h11 | General machining stock, large-diameter shafts |
| Centerless Ground | CG | Precision ground, bright metallic finish; Ra ≤ 0.8 μm; tolerance h7–h9 | CNC Swiss turning, fasteners, hydraulic spools, surgical instruments |
| Polished | POL | Mirror-like finish; Ra ≤ 0.4 μm | Medical implants, aerospace bearing journals, food processing components |
| Cold Drawn | CD | Bright smooth surface; moderate tolerance | Medium-volume production, consistent machinability |
| Turned (Peeled) | ST | Peeled surface with controlled roughness | Oil & gas downhole components, marine propeller shafts |
Corrosion Resistance
TC4 titanium alloy exhibits exceptional corrosion resistance across a wide range of aggressive media-one of its defining advantages over stainless steel and aluminum:
| Environment | TC4 Performance |
|---|---|
| Seawater / Marine Atmosphere | Virtually immune to pitting and crevice corrosion at ambient temperatures; zero corrosion after decades in marine immersion testing |
| Oxidizing Acids (HNO₃, chromic acid) | Excellent resistance at concentrations up to 65% and temperatures to boiling |
| Chloride Solutions | Immune to chloride stress corrosion cracking-a critical advantage over all stainless steels in hot chloride environments |
| Industrial Atmospheres | Outstanding resistance to atmospheric corrosion, including SO₂ and CO₂-containing environments |
| Human Body Fluids | Fully biocompatible; forms a stable, inert TiO₂ passive layer that prevents ion release-the basis for its dominance in surgical implants |
| Reducing Acids (HCl, H₂SO₄) | Limited resistance; not recommended for concentrated reducing acids unless inhibited |
Limitations to Note:
TC4 is susceptible to hot salt stress corrosion at temperatures above 250°C in contact with halide salts.
Titanium is not recommended for anhydrous chlorine or dry chlorine gas environments, where rapid exothermic reaction can occur.
Avoid contact with liquid oxygen or strong oxidizers under impact or friction conditions due to potential pyrophoric reactions.
6. Machining Guide
TC4's combination of high strength, low thermal conductivity, and chemical reactivity makes machining more demanding than steel or aluminum. Key recommendations:
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Cutting Speed | 30–60 m/min for HSS; 60–120 m/min for carbide |
| Feed Rate | 0.10–0.25 mm/rev (roughing); 0.05–0.15 mm/rev (finishing) |
| Depth of Cut | As heavy as the setup permits; light cuts cause rubbing and work hardening |
| Coolant | Abundant high-pressure flood coolant; water-soluble oil emulsions preferred. Chlorinated cutting fluids must be thoroughly removed to prevent stress corrosion during high-temperature service |
| Tool Material | Carbide (K10, K20 grades); CBN or PCD for high-volume finishing |
| Critical Practices | Maintain continuous feed to prevent work hardening; avoid dwell; use sharp tools only; rigid setups essential |
Pro-Tip: When drilling deep holes, use parabolic flute drills with high-pressure through-tool coolant to evacuate chips and prevent heat accumulation in the cutting zone.
Industry-Specific Applications
| Industry | Applications | Why TC4 Over Alternatives |
|---|---|---|
| Aerospace | Engine compressor blades & discs, structural airframe brackets, landing gear components, hydraulic tubing connectors | Unmatched strength-to-weight ratio; maintains properties from cryogenic to ~400°C |
| Medical | Hip stems, knee femoral components, bone screws, trauma plates, dental implants, surgical instrument shafts | Full biocompatibility; osseointegration capability; MRI compatibility; corrosion-proof in body fluids |
| Marine & Offshore | Propeller shafts, pump shafts, subsea fasteners, heat exchanger tubes, diver equipment | Complete immunity to seawater corrosion; eliminates coating and cathodic protection costs |
| Motorsport & Automotive | Connecting rods, valves, valve springs, wheel bolts, exhaust systems, turbocharger wheels | Weight savings directly translate to performance gains; high fatigue life under cyclic loading |
| Chemical Processing | Heat exchanger components, reaction vessels, agitator shafts, pump internals | Resistant to oxidizing chloride environments that destroy stainless steels |
| Sporting Goods | Bicycle frames & components, golf club heads, tennis racket frames, watch cases | Premium feel, lightweight, corrosion-proof aesthetic; prestige material |
| Oil & Gas | Downhole tubulars, completion equipment, HP/HT seal assemblies, stress joints | Strength retention at elevated temperatures; immunity to chloride SCC in produced water |
Quality Assurance & Certification
Every TC4 bar shipment is supported by comprehensive documentation:
Mill Test Certificate: EN 10204 3.1 as standard, documenting heat number, full chemical analysis, mechanical properties (tensile, yield, elongation, reduction of area), and hardness
Ultrasonic Testing: Available to AMS 2631, ASTM E2375, or GB/T 5193; Class A, B, or C acceptance levels per customer specification
Eddy Current Testing: For surface and near-surface defect detection on diameters ≤ 50 mm
Microstructure Rating: Alpha-beta microstructure per AMS 4928 or GB/T 5168; grain size and phase distribution documented on request
Beta Transus Temperature: Determined by metallographic method and reported on certificate when specified
Positive Material Identification (PMI): 100% PMI verification by handheld XRF analyzer prior to shipment
Traceability: Full lot traceability from certified ingot source (typically double or triple VAR melted) through to finished bar
Applicable Standards:
ASTM B348 (Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets)
AMS 4928 (Titanium Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Rings, 6Al-4V, Annealed)
GB/T 2965 (Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars, China National Standard)
ISO 5832-3 (Implants for Surgery - Wrought Titanium 6-Aluminium 4-Vanadium Alloy)
Packaging & Logistics
Surface Protection: Each bar is individually wrapped in VCI anti-corrosion paper and polyethylene film to prevent moisture ingress and surface staining during transit.
Bundling: Bars are bundled by diameter and heat number, secured with steel strapping on treated timber crates or pallets.
Identification: Each bundle carries durable weatherproof tags indicating grade, heat number, diameter, length, weight, and purchase order reference.
Shipping: Containerized sea freight or air freight per customer instruction. Wood packaging complies with ISPM 15 phytosanitary standards for international shipment.
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